During this period, decision neuroscience converged on a parallel-competition framework in which multiple action possibilities are represented and compete in sensorimotor circuits to guide goal-directed behavior. Urgency signals and speed-accuracy tradeoffs were illuminated by the striatum and pre-Supplementary Motor Area, revealing how decision thresholds adapt under time pressure. Value and risk representations were mapped across contexts, while dynamic coding in the prefrontal cortex demonstrated time-resolved, flexible rule management, aligning with new directed-connectivity methods in neural analyses. Influential Works: The 2007 affordance competition hypothesis introduced a parallel-competition mechanism that integrates perception, action, and value in decision making. The 2008 work on striatum and pre-SMA demonstrated how urgency signals modulate thresholds to balance speed and accuracy. Subsequent work mapped value and risk in the brain, revealed dynamic prefrontal coding for flexible control, and provided Granger causality methods for directed connectivity, collectively reshaping network-level analyses.